愛因斯坦
Albert Einstein
Albert Einstein was considered the greatest scientist of the 20th century and one of the greatest of all time.His discoveries and theories have greatly influenced science in many fields.
Einstein was born in 1879 in Ulm,a city in Germany.As a boy,he was slow to learn to talk,but later in his childhood he showed great curiosity about nature and ability to solve difficult mathematical problems.After he left school,he went to Switzerland,where he graduated from the university with a degree in mathematics.
In 1905,Einstein began to publish a series of papers which shook the whole scientific and intellectual world,and for the theories he established in the papers he won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921.
Because Einstein was Jewish,when Hitler took over Germany in 1933,he had to leave the country and finally settled in the United States.There he continued his study on the structure of the universe until his death in 1955.
Among the several important discoveries Einstein made in his life,the greatest is the creation of his famous Theory of Relativity

Celebrate! Holidays In The U.S.A.

Christmas Day
(December 25)

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Christmas is a joyful religious holiday when Christians celebrate the birth of Jesus Christ. The Christmas story comes from the Bible. An angel appeared to shepherds and told them that a Savior had been born to Mary and Joseph in a stable in Bethlehem. Three Wise Men from the East (the Magi) followed a wondrous star which led them to the baby Jesus to whom they paid homage and presented gifts of gold, frankincense and myrrh.

To people all over the world, Christmas is a season of giving and receiving presents. In some European countries, Father Christmas, or Saint Nicholas, comes into houses in the night and leaves gifts for the children. Saint Nicholas is represented as a kindly man with a red cloak and long white beard. Another character, the Norse God Odin, rode on a magical flying horse across the sky in the winter to reward people with gifts. These different legends passed across the ages to make the presentday Santa Claus.

Immigrant settlers brought Father Christmas to the United States. Father Christmas' name was gradually changed to Santa Claus, from the Dutch name for Father Christmas, which is Sinter Claas. Although he has origins in Norse and pre-Christian mythology, Santa Claus took shape in the United States. Americans gave Santa Claus a white beard, dressed him in a red suit and made him a cheery old gentleman with red cheeks and a twinkle in his eye.

Most children believe that Santa Claus lives at the North Pole. All year he lists the names of children, both those who have been good and those who have been bad. He decides what presents to give to the good children. He oversees the manufacturing and wrapping of the presents by his helpers.

Santa Claus supposedly gets his list of toys from the millions of children who write to him at the North Pole. Children also find Santa Claus at shopping malls across the country. They sit on his lap and tell him what they want for Christmas. Of course, their parents are probably nearby listening in as well.

On December 24, Christmas Eve, Santa hitches his eight reindeer to a sleigh and loads it with presents. The reindeer pull him and his sleigh through the sky to deliver presents to children all around the world, that is, if they had been good all year.

Several American towns maintain the spirit of Santa Claus. The New England state of Connecticut has a Christmas village where "Santa" and his elves give out gifts. In New York, a small town called the North Pole was designed for Santa Claus. There is a post office, a church and a blacksmith shop, to repair the shoes of the reindeer.

Santa Claus exists only in our imaginations. But he, Saint Nicholas, and Father Christmas are spirits of giving. Christmas has been associated with gift giving since the Wise Men brought gifts to welcome the newborn Jesus Christ.

In anticipation of Santa's visit, American children listen to their parents read "The Night Before Christmas" before they go to bed on Christmas Eve. Clement Moore wrote the poem in 1823.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Christmas Cards

Another important custom of Christmas is to send and receive Christmas cards, which are meant to help express the sentiment of the season. Some are religious in nature; others are more secular. Americans begin sending Christmas cards early in December to friends, acquaintances, and co-workers. The post office advises customers to mail early in the season and avoid the Christmas rush. Some people heed the advice; others wait until the last minute and then are upset when their loved ones have not received the greeting card or the present which they sent.

It seems that nearly every family has its own unique Christmas observances. Many people are especially proud of Christmas traditions brought to the United States from their countries of origin. The wonderful diversity of foods, music and songs, prayers and stories all make Christmas the holiday of holidays in the United States.

One custom in Texas and other parts of the American Southwest warmly welcomes Christmas visitors. People cut designs out of the sides of paper bags. Then they put enough sand in the bottom of the bag to hold a candle. They line their walkways with the bags, and light the candles after dark. Guests can easily find their friend's walkway and follow the candles up to the door.

In San Antonio, these "luminaries" are placed all along the River Walk, a paved walkway alongside the San Antonio River, and an old custom called "Las Posadas" is acted out.

"Las Posadas" represents the journey that Mary and Joseph took from Nazareth to Jerusalem on a winter night 2000 years ago. Mary was about to give birth to Jesus on their way to be counted in the census. The inns were full and the only place they could find to rest was a barn. Jesus was born there and was placed in a manger, or wooden bin for feeding animals.

Two young people are chosen to play the roles of Mary and Joseph. They follow the luminaries up to a house and knock on the door. Joseph asks the owner if they can stay there for the night. The owner refuses to let them in, because the house is full. They knock at several more houses until finally someone lets them come in to stay the night. The house where the couple is invited was chosen before the celebration, and has a doll in a manger, representing Jesus. When the couple arrives at the house, they and the people who have followed sing Christmas carols and eat the food provided by the "innkeeper."

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Home for the Holidays

Going home for Christmas is a most cherished tradition of the holiday season. No matter where you may be the rest of the year, being at "home" with your family and friends for Christmas is "a must." The Thanksgiving and Christmas holidays are the busiest times of the year at airports, train stations and bus depots. It seems that all America is on the move and Americans are on their way to spend the holidays with their loved ones.

This means that the house will be full of cousins, aunts and uncles that might not see each other during the year. Everyone joins in to help in the preparation of the festivities. Some family members go to choose a Christmas tree to buy and bring home. Others decorate the house or wrap presents. And of course, each household needs to make lots of food!

On Christmas Eve, there are evening church services. Attention is focused on the nativity scene, while all join in singing carols. On Christmas Day, there are other religious ceremonies at churches which families attend before they make their rounds to visit friends and relatives.

The Christmas table looks much like a Thanksgiving feast of turkey or ham, potatoes and pie. No Christmas is complete without lots of desserts, and nothing symbolizes Christmas more than baked breads and cookies hot from the oven. Many American traditional desserts, like other Christmas customs, were started long ago in other parts of the world. Guests bring English fruit cake or plum pudding as presents to their hosts. "Crostoli," a fried bread spiced with orange peel, is made in Italian-American communities. As an ending for the Christmas banquet, Americans of German background eat "Pfeffernuesse," a bread full of sweet spices. Doughnuts are a holiday offering in many Ukrainian-American homes. Norwegian "Berlinerkranser" is a wreath-shaped cookie, dozens are made, but few are left by Christmas morning! Candy doesn't remain for long, either, during the holiday weeks. Hard candies such as peppermint candy canes and curly green and red ribbon candy are traditional gifts and goodies.

At Christmas Eve gatherings adults drink eggnog, a drink made of cream, milk, sugar, beaten eggs and brandy or rum. Plenty of eggnog or hot cocoa is on hand in colder climates for carolers, or people who go from house to house to sing Christmas carols to their neighbors.

Long ago, each child hung a stocking, or sock, over the fireplace. Santa entered down the chimney and left candy and presents inside the socks for the children. Today the tradition is carried on, but the socks are now large red sock-shaped fabric bags still called stockings. Each child can't wait to open his or her eyes to see what Santa has left in the stocking.

Giving gifts is a Christmas tradition. However, in recent years, more and more people have complained that Christmas is too commercialized especially in large cities. Store owners begin advertising and decorating very early in hopes of selling more goods. Children demand more and more from Santa Claus because manufacturers and retailers saturate television with advertising. Some people believe that the origin of Christmas has been lost. Commemorating the birth of Jesus Christ is the very reason for Christmas and should be central to the celebration.

Every year human interest newspaper articles remind readers of the origin of Christmas. Shelters for the homeless and hungry appeal through the newspaper to send money or gifts to those who are less fortunate. Members of organization such as the Salvation Army dress up as Santa Claus and stand on the sidewalks outside stores to collect money for their own soup kitchens. City police forces supervise a "Toys for Tots" donation, in which people contribute new or used toys for children in hospitals and orphanages. Employees give a small part of their paychecks as a donation to a favorite charity. Such groups and organizations try to emphasize the true message of Christmas— to share what you have with others.

根本不需要翻譯，直抄接找英文的就可以了。
英文的去Google搜索比較好。
http://www.google.cn/

比如：圣誕樹的英文是Christmas Tree
你就輸入：Christmas Tree
很多你需要的結果，當然廣告也不少
（廣告也有用啊，比如賣圣誕樹的，它們的圖片不是很好嗎？）

另外，在英文維基上找資料比較好
http://en.wikipedia.org
去Google搜索這個，你會有驚喜的：
Christmas site:en.wikipedia.org
（如果鏈接無法訪問，點擊“網頁快照”進）

學好搜索，終生受益啊……

HMHJ

Christmas is a joyful religious holiday when Christians celebrate the birth of Jesus Christ. The Christmas story comes from the Bible. An angel appeared to shepherds and told them that a Savior had been born to Mary and Joseph in a stable in Bethlehem. Three Wise Men from the East (the Magi) followed a wondrous star which led them to the baby Jesus to whom they paid homage and presented gifts of gold, frankincense and myrrh.

To people all over the world, Christmas is a season of giving and receiving presents. In some European countries, Father Christmas, or Saint Nicholas, comes into houses in the night and leaves gifts for the children. Saint Nicholas is represented as a kindly man with a red cloak and long white beard. Another character, the Norse God Odin, rode on a magical flying horse across the sky in the winter to reward people with gifts. These different legends passed across the ages to make the presentday Santa Claus.

Immigrant settlers brought Father Christmas to the United States. Father Christmas' name was gradually changed to Santa Claus, from the Dutch name for Father Christmas, which is Sinter Claas. Although he has origins in Norse and pre-Christian mythology, Santa Claus took shape in the United States. Americans gave Santa Claus a white beard, dressed him in a red suit and made him a cheery old gentleman with red cheeks and a twinkle in his eye.

Most children believe that Santa Claus lives at the North Pole. All year he lists the names of children, both those who have been good and those who have been bad. He decides what presents to give to the good children. He oversees the manufacturing and wrapping of the presents by his helpers.

Santa Claus supposedly gets his list of toys from the millions of children who write to him at the North Pole. Children also find Santa Claus at shopping malls across the country. They sit on his lap and tell him what they want for Christmas. Of course, their parents are probably nearby listening in as well.

On December 24, Christmas Eve, Santa hitches his eight reindeer to a sleigh and loads it with presents. The reindeer pull him and his sleigh through the sky to deliver presents to children all around the world, that is, if they had been good all year.

Several American towns maintain the spirit of Santa Claus. The New England state of Connecticut has a Christmas village where "Santa" and his elves give out gifts. In New York, a small town called the North Pole was designed for Santa Claus. There is a post office, a church and a blacksmith shop, to repair the shoes of the reindeer.

Santa Claus exists only in our imaginations. But he, Saint Nicholas, and Father Christmas are spirits of giving. Christmas has been associated with gift giving since the Wise Men brought gifts to welcome the newborn Jesus Christ.

In anticipation of Santa's visit, American children listen to their parents read "The Night Before Christmas" before they go to bed on Christmas Eve. Clement Moore wrote the poem in 1823.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Christmas Cards

Another important custom of Christmas is to send and receive Christmas cards, which are meant to help express the sentiment of the season. Some are religious in nature; others are more secular. Americans begin sending Christmas cards early in December to friends, acquaintances, and co-workers. The post office advises customers to mail early in the season and avoid the Christmas rush. Some people heed the advice; others wait until the last minute and then are upset when their loved ones have not received the greeting card or the present which they sent.

It seems that nearly every family has its own unique Christmas observances. Many people are especially proud of Christmas traditions brought to the United States from their countries of origin. The wonderful diversity of foods, music and songs, prayers and stories all make Christmas the holiday of holidays in the United States.

One custom in Texas and other parts of the American Southwest warmly welcomes Christmas visitors. People cut designs out of the sides of paper bags. Then they put enough sand in the bottom of the bag to hold a candle. They line their walkways with the bags, and light the candles after dark. Guests can easily find their friend's walkway and follow the candles up to the door.

In San Antonio, these "luminaries" are placed all along the River Walk, a paved walkway alongside the San Antonio River, and an old custom called "Las Posadas" is acted out.

"Las Posadas" represents the journey that Mary and Joseph took from Nazareth to Jerusalem on a winter night 2000 years ago. Mary was about to give birth to Jesus on their way to be counted in the census. The inns were full and the only place they could find to rest was a barn. Jesus was born there and was placed in a manger, or wooden bin for feeding animals.

Two young people are chosen to play the roles of Mary and Joseph. They follow the luminaries up to a house and knock on the door. Joseph asks the owner if they can stay there for the night. The owner refuses to let them in, because the house is full. They knock at several more houses until finally someone lets them come in to stay the night. The house where the couple is invited was chosen before the celebration, and has a doll in a manger, representing Jesus. When the couple arrives at the house, they and the people who have followed sing Christmas carols and eat the food provided by the "innkeeper."

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Home for the Holidays

Going home for Christmas is a most cherished tradition of the holiday season. No matter where you may be the rest of the year, being at "home" with your family and friends for Christmas is "a must." The Thanksgiving and Christmas holidays are the busiest times of the year at airports, train stations and bus depots. It seems that all America is on the move and Americans are on their way to spend the holidays with their loved ones.

This means that the house will be full of cousins, aunts and uncles that might not see each other during the year. Everyone joins in to help in the preparation of the festivities. Some family members go to choose a Christmas tree to buy and bring home. Others decorate the house or wrap presents. And of course, each household needs to make lots of food!

On Christmas Eve, there are evening church services. Attention is focused on the nativity scene, while all join in singing carols. On Christmas Day, there are other religious ceremonies at churches which families attend before they make their rounds to visit friends and relatives.

The Christmas table looks much like a Thanksgiving feast of turkey or ham, potatoes and pie. No Christmas is complete without lots of desserts, and nothing symbolizes Christmas more than baked breads and cookies hot from the oven. Many American traditional desserts, like other Christmas customs, were started long ago in other parts of the world. Guests bring English fruit cake or plum pudding as presents to their hosts. "Crostoli," a fried bread spiced with orange peel, is made in Italian-American communities. As an ending for the Christmas banquet, Americans of German background eat "Pfeffernuesse," a bread full of sweet spices. Doughnuts are a holiday offering in many Ukrainian-American homes. Norwegian "Berlinerkranser" is a wreath-shaped cookie, dozens are made, but few are left by Christmas morning! Candy doesn't remain for long, either, during the holiday weeks. Hard candies such as peppermint candy canes and curly green and red ribbon candy are traditional gifts and goodies.

At Christmas Eve gatherings adults drink eggnog, a drink made of cream, milk, sugar, beaten eggs and brandy or rum. Plenty of eggnog or hot cocoa is on hand in colder climates for carolers, or people who go from house to house to sing Christmas carols to their neighbors.

Long ago, each child hung a stocking, or sock, over the fireplace. Santa entered down the chimney and left candy and presents inside the socks for the children. Today the tradition is carried on, but the socks are now large red sock-shaped fabric bags still called stockings. Each child can't wait to open his or her eyes to see what Santa has left in the stocking.

Giving gifts is a Christmas tradition. However, in recent years, more and more people have complained that Christmas is too commercialized especially in large cities. Store owners begin advertising and decorating very early in hopes of selling more goods. Children demand more and more from Santa Claus because manufacturers and retailers saturate television with advertising. Some people believe that the origin of Christmas has been lost. Commemorating the birth of Jesus Christ is the very reason for Christmas and should be central to the celebration.

Every year human interest newspaper articles remind readers of the origin of Christmas. Shelters for the homeless and hungry appeal through the newspaper to send money or gifts to those who are less fortunate. Members of organization such as the Salvation Army dress up as Santa Claus and stand on the sidewalks outside stores to collect money for their own soup kitchens. City police forces supervise a "Toys for Tots" donation, in which people contribute new or used toys for children in hospitals and orphanages. Employees give a small part of their paychecks as a donation to a favorite charity. Such groups and organizations try to emphasize the true message of Christmas— to share what you have with others.

圣誕日
（ 12月25日）

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圣誕節是一個歡樂的宗教節日時，基督徒慶祝耶穌基督誕生的。圣誕故事來自于圣經。天使似乎牧羊人，并表示自己的救世主已經誕生，以瑪麗和約瑟夫在一個穩定在伯利恒。三智者從東方（ magi ）之后，令人驚奇明星，而導致他們給嬰兒耶穌向他們敬意，并贈送黃金，乳香和沒藥。

向世界各地的人民，圣誕節是一個季節的給予和接受禮物。在一些歐洲國家，圣誕老人，或圣尼古拉生效房子，在夜間和葉禮物給小孩。圣尼古拉斯為代表的是作為一個有愛心，并配以紅色斗篷和長白胡子。另一種性格，挪威神奧丁，乘坐了神奇的飛行騎馬穿越天空，在冬季來獎勵的人的禮品。這些不同的傳說，通過跨越年齡，使今天的圣誕老人。

移民定居者帶來圣誕老人到美國。圣誕老人'的名義逐步轉為圣誕老人，來自荷蘭的名稱為圣誕老人，這是燒結礦claas 。他雖然起源于挪威和前基督教神話中，圣誕老人，定型于美國。美國人給圣誕老人的白色胡子，穿著他的紅色西裝，使他成為櫻桃的老先生與紅色臉頰和一個眨眼，在他的眼睛。

大部分的孩子相信圣誕老人生活在北極。所有一年，他名單上的姓名，兒童，無論是那些一向良好，與那些已壞。他的決定是什么禮物送給那些好的兒童。他負責監督制造及包裝的禮物，由他的助理。

圣誕老人理應得到他的名單上的玩具，從以百萬計的兒童的人寫信給他，在北極。兒童也找不到圣誕老人在商場，在全國推行。他們坐在他的膝蓋，并告訴他，他們想要什么圣誕。當然，他們的父母可能是附近的聽力一樣。

十二月二十四日，圣誕節前夕，圣誕老人故障他在八年馴鹿到一個sleigh和荷載，它與介紹。馴鹿拉他和他sleigh透過天空交付給兒童世界各地的，那就是，如果他們已經好所有。

幾位美國城鎮，保持精神的圣誕老人。新英格蘭州的康涅狄格州有一個圣誕村的"圣誕老人"和他的精靈給予了禮物。設在紐約的一個小鎮叫北極是專為圣誕老人。有一間郵局，一所教堂和一個鐵匠店，以修理皮鞋的馴鹿。

圣誕老人只存在于我們的想象。但他，圣尼古拉斯，圣誕老人是精神的給予。圣誕節已經與贈送禮物，因為智者所帶來的禮物，歡迎新生的耶穌基督。

在期待圣誕老人的訪問中，美國兒童傾聽他們的父母閱讀"的前一天晚上圣誕" ，然后往床上圣誕節前夕?？巳R門特摩爾寫的詩在1823年。

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圣誕賀卡

另一項重要的傳統風俗圣誕節是發送和接收電子圣誕賀卡，它是用來幫助表達情緒的季節。有的是宗教性的，另一些是更世俗。美國人開始發送的圣誕賀卡，在12月初，以朋友，熟人，和工作人員。郵政署勸告客戶郵件在賽季初并避免在圣誕節購物高峰。一些人，聽取意見;他人等到最后一分鐘，然后是底價時，他們的親人還沒有收到賀卡或目前，他們派出的。

看來，幾乎每個家庭都有自己獨特的圣誕慶?；顒?。很多人都特別驕傲的圣誕節傳統，使美國從自己的原籍國。奇妙的食物的多樣性，音樂和歌曲，祈禱和故事，都使圣誕節假期的假期，在美國發行。

1習俗在德州和其他地區的美國西南熱烈歡迎圣誕客人。人卻把設計出雙方的紙袋。然后他們把足夠的砂底的袋子舉行望其項背。他們按照自己的地下道與袋，并點燃蠟燭，天黑以后?？腿丝梢院苋菀渍业阶约旱呐笥训男腥说兰昂罄m蠟燭最多的大門。

在圣安東尼奧，這些"名人"被置于所有沿河散步，鋪設行人道，伴隨著圣安東尼奧河，舊習俗所謂的"拉斯維加斯波薩達斯" ，是出于。

"拉斯維加斯波薩達斯"代表走過的瑪麗和約瑟夫了從拿撒勒到耶路撒冷的一個冬天晚上于2000年前?，旣惣磳⑸乱d對他們的方式來算，在人口普查中來。該旅館已經爆滿和唯一的地方，他們可以找到休息的是一個谷倉。耶穌誕生的，有被放置在一個馬槽，或木彬為飼養動物。

兩位年輕的人選擇扮演的角色，瑪麗和約瑟夫。他們遵循名人了，一府叩門。約瑟夫問及這里的主人，如果他們能在那兒呆著深夜。這里的主人不肯讓他們來，因為房子是爆滿。他們敲幾個較房子，直到終于有人可以讓他們來，在留夜。房子里夫婦應邀選擇前慶祝，并有一個娃娃在一個馬槽，代表耶穌。當兩人抵達眾議院中，他們和人，都跟隨唱圣誕頌歌和吃食物提供的" innkeeper " 。

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回家過年

回家過圣誕節是一個最珍視的傳統節日。無論你在什么地方，可在今年余下時間，在"家" ，與你的家人和朋友過圣誕節，是"必須" 。感恩節和圣誕節假期，是最繁忙的時候，今年在機場，火車站和巴士站。這一切似乎是美國對喬遷和美國人都對他們的方式來度過假期與自己的親人。

這意味著，眾議院將充滿堂兄弟，阿姨和叔叔說，可能是看不到對方在這一年里。人人參加，以幫助在籌備慶?；顒?。有的家庭成員去選擇一個圣誕樹買帶回家。別人裝修房子或包禮物。而且當然，每個家庭的需要，使大量的食物！

圣誕節前夕，有傍晚教堂服務。注意力主要集中在對場景，而所有參加歌唱頌歌。圣誕節那天，還有一些其他的宗教儀式在教堂哪幾個家庭參加，才使他們的輪訪朋友，也是親戚。

圣誕節表看起來像一個感恩節大餐的土耳其或火腿，土豆餅。沒有圣誕節是不完整的地段的甜點，而不是象征著圣誕多烤面包和餅干的熱點，從烘箱。許多美國傳統甜點，像其他的圣誕節習俗，早已開始在世界其他地方。客人帶來英語水果蛋糕或梅花糕作為禮物，以自己的名主持人。 " crostoli ， "油炸面包五香與桔皮，是在意大利-美國社區。作為結束，為圣誕宴會上，美國人的德國背景吃" pfeffernuesse ， "面包充滿甜香料等。體檢是一個假期開辦，在許多烏克蘭-美國家庭。挪威" berlinerkranser "是一個花圈形曲奇，有十幾名，都是，但很少有留下的圣誕節早晨！糖果不留時間不長，無論是，在農歷新年期間星期。硬糖果，如薄荷糖果和卷曲綠色和紅色絲帶糖果都是傳統的禮品和商品。

在圣誕節前夕聚會，成年人飲用eggnog ，喝了奶油，牛奶，糖，打雞蛋和白蘭地或朗姆酒。很多eggnog或熱可可，是對手，在寒冷的氣候條件，為carolers ，或人去挨家挨戶唱圣誕頌歌，以他們的鄰居。

不久前，每個孩子掛著放養，或襪子，在壁爐。圣誕老人進入了煙囪和左糖果和禮物內襪為兒童。今天是傳統的繼承，但襪子，現在大紅色襪子形織物袋，還有所謂的絲襪。每個孩子不能等待，以公開他或她的眼睛，看看有什么圣誕老人已經離開，在放養。

提供禮品是一個圣誕節的傳統。然而，近年來，越來越多的人抱怨說，圣誕節是太商業化，特別是在大城市。店家開始廣告裝潢很早就希望能銷售更多的貨物。子女的需求越來越多，從圣誕老人，因為制造商和零售商飽和，電視與廣告。也有人認為是起源圣誕節已經消失。為紀念耶穌基督誕生的，是很有理由為圣誕節，并應中央到慶祝活動。

每年都有人的利益報刊文章提醒讀者的起源圣誕節。避寒中心，供無家可歸者和饑餓的呼吁，通過報紙送金錢或禮物給那些沒有那么幸運的人。成員組織，如救世軍打扮成圣誕老人和立場，對人行道的商店外面收錢，為自己的湯廚房。市警察部隊監督的"玩具tots "捐贈，其中的人，貢獻新的或使用的兒童玩具的，在醫院和孤兒院。雇員將放棄的一小部分，他們的支票作為捐獻給喜愛的慈善機構。這樣的團體和組織試圖以強調真實的信息，圣誕節分享你給別人。

圣誕，英文是CHRISTMAS，美國韋氏辭典，認為這個字是由CHRIST＋MASS合成的，其意義是“基督祭典”，而英國牛津辭典亦做相同解釋。央格魯撒克遜語“圣誕”一句，也一樣是基督祭典之意。其它非英語系統國家，如法國、西班牙、意大利等，“ 圣誕”則有“生日”的意思。至于德國人，稱圣誕節為“圣誕季”，但其原文則含有“圣夜”之意。圣誕節是一個普天同慶，人人皆歡樂的日子。世界上每一個國家或民族因為傳統習慣的不同，其圣誕節習俗也各有差異。

英國：他們認為圣誕節必須吃得痛快。所以圣誕大餐極為豐富，包括豬肉、烤火雞、圣誕布丁、圣誕碎肉餅......等等。家里每一個人都有一份禮物，連仆人也有，禮物都在圣誕節的早晨分贈。有時逢唱詩班逐門逐戶唱圣誕歌時，他們也會被主人請進屋里，招待茶點或贈予小禮物。

法國：在圣誕節前夕都要到教堂參加午夜彌撒。彌撒后家人同往年長兄姐家中團聚共享圣誕餐，并分享一年來家中要事。偶有家人不和之事，亦常因圣誕歡聚而盡釋前嫌，言歸于好。故圣誕節在法國人眼中，視為仁慈和睦的日子。

意大利：在意大利，每逢圣誕節，大家都喜歡在家中安置一些關于耶穌誕生故事的模型。圣誕的前夕，家人團聚吃大餐，到午夜參加圣誕彌撒，然后大家去訪問親戚朋友，但只有小孩和老人得到禮物。在圣誕節意大利有一種好風俗，孩兒為感謝父母一年來的教養，會在未吃圣誕大餐前將他們的作文或詩歌，暗藏在餐巾、桌布或碟子里。吃完大餐后便將它取出朗讀。

西班牙：該國的孩童常將鞋子放在窗口或門外，以接受圣誕禮物。在許多城市中，男孩子也常備有許多高級禮物，要送給美麗女子?！芭！?在圣誕節也受到最好的待遇。因當地有一傳說：“耶穌降生時，曾有一只牛向他吐氣，使他得到溫暖”。

瑞典：在圣誕佳期中，瑞典人非常好客，每一個家庭不論貧富都歡迎朋友來訪，甚至連陌生人都可以進來吃東西。他們將各樣的食品都擺在桌上，任人自由選擇。

瑞士：該國的圣誕老人穿白色長袍，戴假面具。它們往往由貧苦人裝扮，成群結隊向富人討取食物和禮物，散隊時才平分所得物。

丹麥：最先出版圣誕郵票的國家。這種圣誕郵票的發行是為籌措防癆經費。丹麥人寄圣誕賀卡、郵件，都喜歡貼這種郵票。

智利：該國在慶祝圣誕節時，必備一種“猴子尾巴”的冷飲。這種飲料是用咖啡、牛奶、雞蛋、酒及已經發酵的葡萄制成。此飲品為何叫“猴子尾巴”已無人知曉。

挪威：在圣誕節前夕，家中每一份子就寢前需將鞋子由大到小排成一列。挪威人認為家人如此做可以在未來的一年里得到和睦與安寧。次日早晨，家人見面就互唱最喜愛的圣誕歌曲。

愛爾蘭：該國的家庭在圣誕前夕，會將一支蠟燭或燈放在窗門架上，表示歡迎圣嬰降生。

蘇格蘭：圣誕節前需將家中借來的物品一一歸還原主。禮物是在新年的頭一星期贈給小孩及仆人。

荷蘭：該國人贈送圣誕禮物往往出人意外，禮物甚至會藏在布丁、羊腸里呢！

德國：圣誕樹的發源國。基督徒的家里定會放置一顆美麗的圣誕樹，圣誕餅亦多款且講究。

美國：一個自由且多彩的國家，圣誕節是他們快樂狂歡的日子。美國的民族復雜，所以其慶祝方式常因移民的不同而有所差異。大部分室內都有別致的布置，門外懸掛著美艷的花環及綺麗的飾物。

梵諦岡：如果你想在世界最大的圣彼得教堂參加由教皇親自主持的圣誕彌撒，雖然那里可容納三萬五千人但仍需預先定位。其圣誕彌撒大多在十二月二十五日零時舉行，教皇坐在八個侍從抬著的轎子上穿過群眾，一邊向信徒們祝福一邊走上祭壇。教皇著白袍外罩金黃色祭服，登上圣彼得大教堂的祭壇，以拉丁語念出禱告詞。零時整，號角手吹響的喇叭，安放于大祭壇上的搖籃本被覆蓋著。這時，圣嬰耶穌身上的白布被徐徐除下了。教堂內的各國信徒眼眶里含著熱淚，以各自的語言唱出悠揚的“平安夜”。世界各地的天主教徒均視前往圣彼得大教堂，親謁教皇，受其祝福，為一生中最大的榮幸。

日本：雖然日本非基督教國家，但戰后日本過圣誕節的風氣十分風靡。原因之一與各大商家的促銷有關。有的百貨公司以圣誕樹作裝潢，在店內布置雪景，增加銀色圣誕的氣氛。各色茶店、夜總會、酒吧也都安置一株圣誕樹以應景。十二月中旬各商店人山人海，大家為準備圣誕禮物贈送親友而忙碌。善心人士亦趁機致贈禮品予東京室內五十二所肢體及心智障礙的兒童。

紐西蘭：該國圣誕節有二周的假期。圣誕節前夕，家人朋友共聚一堂開“派對”慶祝。紐西蘭的法律明文規定，慶祝圣誕需在家中舉行，故酒樓、茶館在下午六時一律打烊。普通商店營業時間最遲也只能到晚上九時為止。街上可見到穿著蘇格蘭短裙的樂隊巡回演奏。

非洲摩洛哥：在摩洛哥，平時不與平民見面的王族，在圣誕節當天，公主會在數千兒童的同樂大會上給貧苦兒童發禮物。

波蘭：波蘭人分為兩派。在圣誕前夕，一派吃圣誕大餐；另一派整日齋戒虔誠祈禱。

菲律賓：該國過圣誕節從十二月十六日就開始。做九天的祈求，虔誠的教徒每天早晨四時就起床祈禱。他們相信如此可得圣嬰耶穌及圣母馬利亞的特別恩澤，直到二十二日為止，在三天來朝日才結束圣誕慶典。

哥倫比亞：他們以化裝舞會來慶祝圣誕。各人戴著假面具盡量不被人認出，凡能認出最多的人就可得到獎品。

澳大利亞：適婚年齡的女子，在圣誕節時將溶錫傾入冷水中，看它的形狀，來預測未來夫婿的外貌，高矮胖瘦。

捷克：圣誕節未婚的捷克少女，把削好的蘋果皮，拋在背后。她們以為這樣做可以看出未來夫婿的姓氏之第一個字母。

蘇聯：圣誕前夕，家人圍繞著象征“新歲的樹”，給孩子講述荒誕的老祖父拓荒故事。在圣誕節當天，中產階級以下的人，爭往大商店搶購禮物互贈親友。

1.震撼心靈的哲理美抄文【漢英典襲藏版】市場價：￥21.80
現 價：￥19.30 2.你一定要結識的名人【漢英典藏版】市場價：￥21.80
現 價：￥19.30 。
3.劍橋書上有翻譯的。

上面的我不知道是不是對的，我在網上查的。對不起！你自己看看哦！
最好在電腦上搜索一下或去問老師。

在百度上搜索一下即可！

西奧多*羅斯福
第二十六任總統
1901-1909
娶愛蒂斯*凱姆麗*卡羅*羅斯福為妻
With the assassination of President McKinley, Theodore Roosevelt, not quite 43, became the youngest President in the Nation\'s history. He brought new excitement and power to the Presidency, as he vigorously led Congress and the American public toward progressive reforms and a strong foreign policy.
隨著麥金利總統被暗殺,西奧多*羅斯福（尚未43歲）成為美國歷史上最年輕的總統.他為總統的職位帶來新的活力,正如他熱力四射地引導國會和美國大眾進行銳利的改革和強勢的外交政策.
He took the view that the President as a "steward of the people" should take whatever action necessary for the public good unless expressly forbidden by law or the Constitution." I did not usurp power," he wrote, "but I did greatly broaden the use of executive power."
他認為：總統是人民的公仆,應該采取一切盡可能的行動為大眾謀福利,除非是法律和憲法法禁止的.他寫道：“我不會越權,但我應該在我的權力范圍內為最大程度地利用它.
Roosevelt\'s youth differed sharply from that of the log cabin Presidents. He was born in New York City in 1858 into a wealthy family, but he too struggled--against ill health--and in his triumph became an advocate of the strenuous life.
羅斯福的年輕和以往的總統有極大的不同.1858年,他出生在紐約市一個富裕的家庭.但他和病魔作斗爭,并最后戰勝.這使他成為緊張生活方式的擁護者.
In 1884 his first wife, Alice Lee Roosevelt, and his mother died on the same day. Roosevelt spent much of the next two years on his ranch in the Badlands of Dakota Territory. There he mastered his sorrow as he lived in the saddle, driving cattle, hunting big game--he even captured an outlaw. On a visit to London, he married Edith Carow in December 1886.
1884年,他的第一任妻子和他的母親在同一天去世.在接下來的兩年時間里,他在達科他荒地上的大農場度過.為了戰勝自己的悲傷,他騎馬、趕牛、打獵——他甚至還抓到一個亡命之徒.1886年12月,在一次倫敦的訪問中,他和愛蒂斯*卡羅結婚.
During the Spanish-American War, Roosevelt was lieutenant colonel of the Rough Rider Regiment, which he led on a charge at the battle of San Juan. He was one of the most conspicuous heroes of the war.
在美西戰爭中,羅斯福是大騎兵團的中校.他率領他們在圣*胡安戰役中沖鋒.他成為一個家喻戶曉的戰爭英雄.
Boss Tom Platt, needing a hero to draw attention away from scandals in New York State, accepted Roosevelt as the Republican candidate for Governor in 1898. Roosevelt won and served with distinction.
鮑斯*湯姆*浦拉特需要一個英雄,使人們注意力從紐約州丑聞中轉移.于他接受羅斯福作為共和黨的1898年紐約州長候選人.羅斯福勝出,并且政績卓著.
As President, Roosevelt held the ideal that the Government should be the great arbiter of the conflicting economic forces in the Nation, especially between capital and labor, guaranteeing justice to each and dispensing favors to none.
作為總統,羅斯福有一種觀點：政府應該是國家經濟沖突中的裁判者,尤其是在勞資之間,應保證對任何一方公平、不偏袒一方.
Roosevelt emerged spectacularly as a "trust buster" by forcing the dissolution of a great railroad combination in the Northwest. Other antitrust suits under the Sherman Act followed.
羅斯福他迫使西北一個巨大的鐵路聯合體分解,從此作為一個“托拉斯的摧毀者”引起人們的注意.隨后他在謝爾曼法案的進行其它的反托拉斯訴訟.
Roosevelt steered the United States more actively into world politics. He liked to quote a favorite proverb, "Speak softly and carry a big stick. . . . "
羅斯福堅持美國應該更為積極地參與世界政治.他喜歡引用一個眾所周知的諺語：“拿著大棒,說話小聲”.
Aware of the strategic need for a shortcut between the Atlantic and Pacific, Roosevelt ensured the construction of the Panama Canal. His corollary to the Monroe Doctrine prevented the establishment of foreign bases in the Caribbean and arrogated the sole right of intervention in Latin America to the United States.
意識到縮短大西洋和太平洋的戰略需要,羅斯福決定建造巴拿馬運河.他對門羅主義的延伸是：阻止在加勒比海建立外國的基地,并聲稱唯有美國才有權干涉拉丁美洲.
He won the Nobel Peace Prize for mediating the Russo-Japanese War, reached a Gentleman\'s Agreement on immigration with Japan, and sent the Great White Fleet on a goodwill tour of the world.
他因調停日俄戰爭而獲得諾貝爾和平獎,與日本就移民問題達成紳士協議,而且派遣大白艦隊進行全球友好航行.
Some of Theodore Roosevelt\'s most effective achievements were in conservation. He added enormously to the national forests in the West, reserved lands for public use, and fostered great irrigation projects.
幾個西奧多*羅斯福的最出名的成績是關于保護措施的.他在西部增加許多的國家森林,保留許多土地供公共使用,而且贊同大規模的移民方案.
He crusaded endlessly on matters big and small, exciting audiences with his high-pitched voice, jutting jaw, and pounding fist. "The life of strenuous endeavor" was a must for those around him, as he romped with his five younger children and led ambassadors on hikes through Rock Creek Park in Washington, D.C.
事無巨細,他都要不斷地進行改革.他用他那高揚的聲音、突出的下顎和強有力的拳頭激勵著聽眾.“生命要奮發圖強”是他周圍的人必須做到,不管是在他調皮地和他五個小孩玩的時候還是他引著大使們徒步穿過華盛頓克里克石頭公園.
Leaving the Presidency in 1909, Roosevelt went on an African safari, then jumped back into politics. In 1912 he ran for President on a Progressive ticket. To reporters he once remarked that he felt as fit as a bull moose, the name of his new party.
1909年,羅斯福離開總統職位到非洲施行.回國后又投身政治.1912年,他以壓倒多數的票數竟選總統.據報道,他曾評論他覺得用公牛作為他新政黨的名稱更為適合.
While campaigning in Milwaukee, he was shot in the chest by a fanatic. Roosevelt soon recovered, but his words at that time would have been applicable at the time of his death in 1919: "No man has had a happier life than I have led; a happier life in every way."
當在密爾沃基竟選時,他被一個狂徒射中胸膛.羅斯福很快就復元了,而他在當時講的話或許更為適合他在1919年去世時：“沒有人有過比我更為幸福的生活-在任何方面都幸福的生活”.

咳咳，瑪麗蓮要嗎？還有海倫凱特

　　網易旅游頻道－－普羅旺斯 http://travel.163.com/special/x/xunyan.html（有關普羅旺斯的信息一應具全，適合想去旅游的人）
　　樂途旅游網－－法國 http://fra.lotour.com/（有很多游后感，出游信息，景點介紹）

　　普羅旺斯美食
　　許多人常用三種食物代表普羅旺斯的烹調特色：「橄欖油、大蒜與西紅柿」。走在普羅旺斯，觸目所及幾乎都是綠油油的橄欖樹，此地可以說是法國橄欖油生產的重鎮，不僅造就了別致地自然景觀，也提供了居民營養所須的油脂。橄欖也順理成章的走入每家的廚房，橄欖醬(tapenade)即是最佳范例。
　　·橄欖醬
　　將大蒜與鳀魚(anchovy)分別切碎，加入洗凈的酸豆(capers)、百里香、香薄荷(savory)和檸檬汁，以食物處里機打勻，徐徐倒入橄欖油，并以胡椒調味。做好的橄欖醬涂抹在稍微烘烤的面包上就是最道地的開胃菜，而以橄欖醬作成的法國面包更是普羅旺斯的特產，如果喜歡，還能拿橄欖醬來作菜呢！
　　· 大蒜美乃滋
　　大蒜美乃滋常被人稱為普羅旺斯的奶油，可見其受歡迎的程度，如同名字的直接翻譯，就是美乃滋與大蒜的混合，簡單的不得了，但是搭配的食物可是洋洋灑灑，從水煮蛋、蒸魚、到各色龍蝦料里都能搭配得宜。
　　馬賽魚湯
　　其實整個法國都有屬于自己的魚湯，只是內容稍微有異，再冠上不同的名稱而已，如布列塔尼(Brittany)的cotriade、勃根地(Burgundy)的pauchouse。也不知怎么一回事，就是普羅旺斯，尤其是馬賽這兒的魚湯特別有名，凡是造訪馬賽者絕不能空嘴而歸。
　　魚湯的歷史已超過2,500年，據傳是希臘人帶進法國的，不過就算沒有希臘人的引導，位處于地中海的馬賽遲早也會創造出魚湯來。馬賽魚湯的重點就在各色各樣精采的魚種，提起魚種，故事又長了。到底魚湯中應該或不應該放入那些魚，你永遠得不到一致的答案。比較可以確定的是，傳統的馬賽魚湯是沒有貝類的，尤其是淡菜絕對不能出現，但是螃蟹和龍蝦并不禁止。此標準并非放諸四海，你不妨仔細瞧瞧自己碗里的內容為何。
　　作法&吃法：用上好的橄欖油炒香洋蔥、西紅柿、大蒜、茴香，加入百里香、意大利香菜及月桂葉，并以干橙皮調味，最后放入番紅花增加色澤，然后再加入魚肉。與我們的假想不同，烹煮馬賽魚湯的時間并不長，得用大火在15分鐘內完成(這當然不包括準備高湯的時間，只是真有必要以高湯為底嗎？恐怕又是一個問題)。食用時湯與魚肉是分開盛放的，在碗里擺上一片面包，直接將湯汁舀入，如果能再搭配些許的rouille就更完美了。
　　·大蒜辣椒醬
　　所謂的rouille就是大蒜辣椒醬，其原料有大蒜、辣椒、橄欖油、面包屑與魚高湯。有人喜歡先把它涂抹在面包上，或者你也可以直接放在魚湯內，有了大蒜辣椒醬，馬賽魚湯才算完整。

　　普羅旺斯住宿
　　普羅旺斯的住宿相當有特色，如同當地多元化的生活風貌，從市區的豪華大飯店到鄉間的民宿農莊，應有盡有，同樣提供了舒適的休息環境與地方飲食。
　　若是本身懂法文，或能找到懂法文的人隨行，可考慮在供應餐點的民宿過夜，感受當地的風俗民情。有的民宿還安排房客參加地方的活動，例如和當地人一同用餐，天南地北的閑聊起來，滿天星斗下共同歡樂，那種融洽的氣氛應是地球村精神的最佳呈現。
　　艾克斯的荷內國王大飯店有100多間房，具有四星級的水準。荷內國王大飯店是艾克斯古城區最高級的旅館之一，有四顆星的評價，內部有游泳池等相當先進的設施。
　　旅館有134間大小客房，從每一間房間內都可以看到美麗的花園；旅館餐廳也供應道地的普羅旺斯美食。這間旅館采用美式作風的管理方式，感覺上與美麗純樸的普羅旺斯雖然有些出入，但是在結束了一天充實的行程后，卻能提供您抒解身心的舒適環境。
　　普羅旺斯交通
　　在巴黎里昂車站搭乘TGV
　　巴黎有不同的火車站，接連往不同地區的火車，從巴黎要抵達普羅旺斯的火車站是里昂車站（Gare de Lyon），搭乘的火車種類是時速高達300公里的法國快速火車TGV，車程約3小時。搭乘TGV需要先訂位，在里昂車站的售票柜臺預約訂位，從火車站外面的大門左側你會看到'21'號門，進去即是一排售票柜臺，找到上面寫著'International'的柜臺即可，如果你使用聯營火車票預約時須出示車票，預約的費用是54FF，售票員會給你一張登車卡，上面有座位號碼卡。
　　提早30分鐘抵達車站找月臺
　　從火車站大門進入，你可以在中庭看到巨大的時刻表，上面標示時間、班次、月臺，通常會在半小時前顯示火車?？康脑屡_，誠摯地建議你早一點前往熟悉環境，因為月臺的安排很'出乎意料'，而且標示不清楚，一部份的月臺在車站中庭，一部份在右側，兩邊距離頗遠，加上火車開動時間很精確，如果弄錯月臺，就不妙了。

　　普羅旺斯推薦行程
　　1、普羅旺斯著名薰衣草觀賞地：呂貝隆山區、施米亞那山區
　　呂貝隆山區(Luberon)Sault修道院的花田是該區最著名的薰衣草觀賞地，也是《山居歲月》一書的故事背景，號稱全法國最美麗的山谷之一。山上有一座12世紀的修道院，塞南克修道院前方有一大片的薰衣草花田，是由院里的修道士栽種的，有不同顏色的薰衣草。
　　施米雅那山區(Simiane-la-Rotonde)的施米雅那是一座極具特色的山城，山頂矗立著一座建于12至13世紀的城堡羅通德，環繞著一大片的薰衣草花田。站在施米雅那城鎮里，隨處可見到紫色花田，無邊無際地蔓延。
　　2、周邊小城游
　　Luberon(呂貝隆)是沃克里茲省的南部地區，彼得·梅爾的《普羅旺斯的一年》中所寫的地方就在這里。Roussillon(魯西庸)是座彩色的村莊，桃紅、鮮橙、明黃的房子像天使的玩具，隨意散落在村中。
　　Gordes是座巖石山莊，Gordes村里還有一座薰衣草博物館，門口一輛老式的薰衣草壓油機。博物館里展示了薰衣草農田里的各種用具。
　　艾克斯市是畫家保爾·塞尚的故鄉，自中世紀就是一座大學城，也是著名的“泉城”。這里是羅馬普羅旺斯的古都。該市以獨特的烹飪、玫瑰紅葡萄酒，以及特貝的語言--普羅旺斯方言聞名。在奧郎日，你可以坐在羅馬時代的圓形露天劇場看戲；在阿爾，你可以坐在咖啡廳里消磨一個下午。這里每年7月，還會舉辦一個很時髦石頭城的國際攝影節，在石頭古巷和小廣場上，展覽當今締造潮流的大攝影師和風流人物。