這只是中喪的一連串術語的冰山一角。它從未被清楚地被定義，但是它以新聞報道的方式泄露信息來換取個人餓或者媒體組織增益的操作手法已經逐漸的被了解。〔定義見現代廣播網站〕.
這個現象最早出自上海文匯報的專欄---里面的“新聞”可以出售。在那個時侯記者稱呼這種可以換金錢的新聞為“飯票新聞”
在 Sina.com 上的一篇文章定義了六種有償新聞，依下列各項：
1.受到錢或其他形式的利益以交換新聞報導；
2.做新聞報導以交換廣告或循環利益或贊助商；
3.藉由恐嚇覆蓋新聞報導 （" 新聞勒索 ") 來斂聚錢或其他形式的個人或機構的利益。
4.媒體編者或老板要求他們的屬下擔任收入創造的角色，如此使生意和社論之間的界限模糊；
5.和其他的媒體或新聞記者用新聞換取報酬或其他利益；
6.公共關系公司代表他們的客戶做所謂的 " 新聞報告 " 而且支付空間或廣告時間。
然而，有償新聞的類型在不斷的進化。人民日報的一篇文章描述了一些新聞報道是如何在故事里間接提及所謂的 " 客戶 " (為他們的報導付錢的人）的，舉例來說在選擇更多一般性的演說主題的時候。

參考了樓上的，有些地方還是待改進，比如最后一句……

有償新聞
有償新聞只是中文媒體道德淪喪的表現之一。這個術語尚沒有明版確的定義，權但通常的理解是，用新聞報道的形式為個人或個人所在的新聞機構謀取利益（現代傳媒網站上的定義）。
有人將有償新聞這種現象上溯到上?！段膮R報》的一個早期專欄，上面充斥著販售的“新聞”。當時將這種新聞換現金的交易稱作“飯票新聞”。
新浪網上的一篇文章指出了如下六種形式的有償新聞：
1 用新聞報道來換取現金或其他形式的好處；
2 為廣告、發行或贊助而進行新聞報道；
3 通過威脅報道負面新聞而為個人或機構撈取現金或其他形式的好處（歪曲新聞）；
4 媒體編輯或媒體老板要求其下屬參與創收，這樣就使得生意和編輯之間的界限變得模糊不清；
5 與其它的媒體或記者交換新聞，從而獲取現金或其他好處；
6 公關公司代表客戶制造所謂的“新聞報道”，并支付版面費以及廣告時間
有償新聞的表現形式花樣百出。《人民日報》的一篇文章披露，有些記者在報道諸如比較廣泛的新聞主題時，會用間接的方式在新聞報道中提及自己的“客戶”（為這片新聞報道而付錢的人）。

手工翻譯宜人宜己，機器翻譯誤人誤己。

這便是其中的有關在中國媒體的道德行為方面一長串之一。從來也沒有明確內界定，但大致可作容為釋放在制定對收益回報親自新聞報道形式的信息，或為自己的媒體組織慣例所理解的[在現代廣播網站的定義]。
一些消息來源追查現象在上海的文匯報早期列在其中“新聞”例行公事地出售。當時記者打電話的現金消息，例如交流“糧票新聞”（飯票新聞）。
對Sina.com條確定了六個實繳的新聞，例如表格如下：
1。接受采訪交換金錢或其他形式的利益;
2。做好廣告或新聞報道流通交換利益或贊助;
3。強迫，威脅的負面新聞報道（“新聞敲詐”）金錢或個人或機構的利益的其他形式。
4。媒體的編輯或老板，要求其下屬發揮創造收入的作用，從而模糊了商業和編輯方針;
5。交換與其他媒體或付款或其他好處的記者的新聞;
6。公共關系公司，做所謂的“新聞報道的代表客戶”和空間或通話時間付費。
實繳新聞形式，但是，不斷地發展。一個由人民日報文章中描述如何一些所謂的“客戶”（那些誰付出覆蓋他們以間接的方式把故事）記者提到的工作，例如在處理更廣泛的議題。

有償新聞
這只是與中國媒體道德淪喪相關的一連串術語中的一個，它從未被明確內定義，但是能容被普遍理解，即通過報道某種形式的新聞來獲得個人利益或者組織利益（現代廣播網定義）。這個現象最早出自上海文匯報的專欄---里面的“新聞”可以出售，在那時，通訊員稱這種新聞換金錢的新聞為發“飯票新聞”
新浪上的一篇文章列出了有償新聞的六種形式

。。。下班了，不好意思，給別人做參考吧

有償新聞
這是在中國媒體與倫理的虐待有關的一個期限的哀求之中的一。它從未清楚地被定義，但是通常能當做親自地或為一個媒體組織以形式新聞報告釋放數據以換取增益的練習被了解〔定義在現代的廣播網站〕.
一些來源進入通常被賣之內追蹤對在上海的 Wenhui Bao 中的早專欄的現象。在次記者為現金 " 食物折扣券新聞 (飯票新聞）" 呼叫新聞的如此的交換.
在 Sina.com 上的一個文章支付識別六種表格－為新聞，依下列各項：
1.受到錢或其他形式的利益以交換新聞報導；
2.做新聞報導以交換廣告或循環利益或贊助商；
3.藉由恐嚇否定的新聞報導 （" 新聞勒索 ") 強迫錢或其他形式的個人或制度利益。
4.媒體編者或要求他們的屬下的老板擔任收入創造的一個角色，如此使生意和社論之間的線模糊；
5.用其他的媒體或新聞記者為付款或其他的利益交換新聞；
6.公共關系公司代表他們的客戶做所謂的 " 新聞報告 " 而且支付空間或電視節目開始的時間。
支付的表格－為新聞，然而，不變進化。人民日報的一個文章進入故事之內以間接的方式描述一些新聞記者如何操作提及所謂的 " 客戶 " 之事 (已經為報導支付他們的人），舉例來說當向比較一般的主題演說的時候。

This is one among a litany of terms relating to ethical abuses in Chinese media. It has never been clearly defined, but can be generally understood as the practice of releasing information in the form of a news report in return for gains personally or for one’s media organization [definition at Modern Broadcasting website].
這是中國媒體屆一系列丑惡行徑中的一部分。雖然它沒有被清楚地定義，但是，可以隨著實踐和追求人權或“現代廣播網站定義”媒體組織的新聞報道，一切都會大白于天下。
Some sources trace the phenomenon to an early column in Shanghai’s Wenhui Bao into which “news” was routinely sold. At that time reporters called such exchanges of news for cash “food coupon news” (飯票新聞).某些描述上海文匯報早期專欄中一般會出現哪些新聞這一現象，在那個時候，記者稱那些可以換取金錢的新聞為飯票新聞。
An article on Sina.com identifies six forms of paid-for news, as follows:
在Sina.com 上有一篇文章定義了如下六種“飯票新聞”：
1. Receiving money or other forms of benefit in exchange for news coverage;
1。以金錢或其他形式的利益物為交換條件的新聞。

2. Doing news coverage in exchange for advertising or circulation benefits or sponsorship;
2?？梢誀幦V告、發行量或贊助商的新聞。

3. Forcing money or other forms of personal or institutional benefit by threatening negative news coverage (”news extortion”).
以金錢或其他的個人或一貫利益為目的的威脅、敲詐的新聞。（“新聞勒索”）

4. Media editors or bosses demanding their subordinates play a role in revenue creation, thus blurring the line between business and editorial;
媒體的編輯或老板要求他們的下屬扮演一個創收的角色，從而使得商業和編輯之間的界限很模糊。

5. Exchanging news with other media or journalists for payment or other benefit;
和其他媒體或作者交換新聞以作為支付款或其他收益。

6. Public relations companies doing so-called “news reporting” on behalf of their clients and paying for space or airtime.
關乎公眾的企業竟然作出這樣的新聞報道，為了他們的委托方而占用空間和電視播放時間。
Forms of paid-for news, however, are constantly evolving. One article by People’s Daily described how some journalists work mention of so-called “clients” (those who have paid them for coverage) into stories in an indirect way, for example when addressing more general topics.
這種有償新聞，還在持續發展。人民日報的一篇文章，用系列故事的形式比較含蓄地描述了一些記者是如何為那些所謂的“客戶”（那些給他們報酬以獲得新聞的人）工作的，比如當訪問一些很普通的話題時。

I am really angry now. How could i had a friend like you?You turn your back to me when you said it. You lied to me not justonce even though i called you and asked your reason. You stilldidn't want to talk about it. I asked you again and you just saidyou forgot it. I believed that you are my best friend. But when iheard your answer, i just want to cry. You weren't even thought ofhow you promised me. I didn't want to be so calculated and justbeleved what you said to me. Had i not doing anything for you if ipromised?I hang up the phone when you tried to explain last time.When i back from Shanghai, i called you to let you know that i havebrought the things you asked for. I couldn't got through to you andno one answer the phone for few days. Then, it's off totally.Now, idon't want your friendship anymore. I hate you!

我很生氣，怎么會交到你這種知心朋友？說翻臉就翻臉。騙了我一次就算了，還來第二次，打電話問你，為什么？你說沒時間，好，算了。不跟你計較盡然你還來第三次，真的不知道你怎么好意思。這時我只是有點生氣。我問你，你說有點急事。搞忘了。我相信你，因為你是我最好的朋友之一。沒想到的是，當我聽到你的解釋時，眼淚都要出來了。你TMD也不自己問一下自己答應我的事有做到過嗎？我沒有跟你計較，是因為我相信你說的話都是真的，可是你這次讓我看透你了。你自己在想想我答應過你的事。有沒有沒有做到的。當我聽到你最后的解釋時。當時就掛了電話?；貋碇螅敫愦螂娫捳f，我答應從上海給你帶的東西，帶來了，沒想到的是，你的電話怎么都打不通（先給你發短信說我是誰）。連續打了幾天都無人接聽，最后關機。現在想，你這種朋友，不要也可。我討厭你

你這個好高難！

I am very angry!How could I make a friend as you?Just fell out suddenly.It’s enough to lie to me once,what’s the fucking once more!I called you to ask ,why?You said no time,ok,forget it. Unexpectedly, you lied to me the third time. I don't know how you not bashful.at this time ,I just have a little angry.when I ask,you said you had an exigence;forgotten,I believe you,because you are one of my best friends.what I didn’t unexpect ,I was tearing out when I heard your explain.Fucking you why didn’t ask yourself whether one of your admit to me come true? I didn’t fuss about with you for believing you.however,I understand you throuly this time. You should have a think whether I did what I admit to you.
When I heard your last explain,I hanged up at once.
I want to call you to tell you I have brought you the things I promise you from Shanghai after I came back,but I　can’t get through you(I sent you message to tell who I am at first). Continuous called for a few days were no answering.Power off at last.
Thinking now,a friend as you.it doesn’t matter to split.I hate you.

i am so angry,how i have got a friend like you? Turn aginst me without any reason.Lie to me angin and agian,and even just say that you have no time when i call you for reason.ok,that it is.But you even want to cheat me once more,how can you do this without any shame.Even though i have a little angry at that moment,but i still blieve you when you say you are forgot for something urgent,just because you are my best friend.But i still want to cry when i got your explain.I still see you as my friend when you never do any thing for your promise, but i cannt now. I do every thing that i promise you,but...
Well,that it is.
i try to call you when i back from shanghai,as i bring you gift what i promise you.But you telphone can never go thouth,then i message you.But you never answer and turn off at last.
I dont want such a friend like you.i hate you!!
π_π π_π π_π π_π π_π π_π π_π π_π π_π::>_<::

這是一篇很糾結的絕交信?；页５挠字?，我懷疑LZ可能還在玩辦家家酒，但是為什么要把它翻譯成英文呢。。。。但本人我也是個很糾結的人。。。所以我給你翻了，絕對原創，當然可能不是很準。。給分\(^o^)/~??！

I think l can help you.
全文翻譯：l'm very angry, how can make you such a friend? Say strictly business. Cheat me once even, also second, called to ask you, why? You said you have no time, good, well. Do you have third, you really don't know how to face. When I was just a little angry. I ask you, you say that there is something urgent. To forget. I believe you, because you are one of my best friends. Did not think of is, when I hear your explanation, the tear must come out. You don't own TMD ask myself on my commitment to achieve? I do not care about you, is because I believe what you said is true, but you let me read you. You think I promised you. Have done.When I hear your final interpretation. Then hang up the phone.After coming back, you want to call and say, I promise to you from Shanghai to bring things, brings, did not think of is, how did your phone can't get through ( to send a message to you say who I am ). Continuous play a few days are no answer, final shutdown.Now, you the friend, don't also can. I hate you!
π_π π_π π_π π_π π_π π_π π_π π_π π_π::>_<::

I am really angry now. How could i had a friend like you? You turn your back to me when you said it. You lied to me not just once even though i called you and asked your reason. You still didn't want to talk about it. I asked you again and you just said you forgot it. I believed that you are my best friend. But when i heard your answer, i just want to cry. You weren't even thought of how you promised me. I didn't want to be so calculated and just beleved what you said to me. Had i not doing anything for you if i promised?
I hang up the phone when you tried to explain last time. When i back from Shanghai, i called you to let you know that i have brought the things you asked for. I couldn't got through to you and no one answer the phone for few days. Then, it's off totally.
Now, i don't want your friendship anymore. I hate you!
（有愛才有恨！好好的感受吧！當你長大了，老了，就不在會有這樣強的情感！你會認為自己沒什么感情！年輕人的七情六欲是人生一定要經歷的，有了它，你的人生會更加美麗！）

Ye, very angry, how can make you this kind of close friends? Said it turned over face. Fool me once, even for the second time, make a phone call to ask you, why? You said no time, good, forget it. Altogether you still come the third time, you really don't know how not bashful. Then I just have a little angry. I asked you, you said you've got something urgent. Make forgot. I believe you, because you are one of my best friends. That is, when I heard your explanation, tears will come out. You also don't you ask TMD his promise to me have implemented? I didn't tell you dispute, because I believe what you say is true, but you this let me see through you. You think I promised you in. Is there not do it.
When I heard you finally explanation. Then hung up the phone.
Come back later, want to talk to you, saying, I promised to call from Shanghai to bring you a thing, bring, have never thought is, your phone how all couldn't get through (to text message you say me is who). For a few days playing with a not answer all, finally turned off.
Now want to, you can also be the friend, don't. I hate you.

D.Max撰稿
發布時間：2007年1月7日
去年秋天的一個星期二，我坐在一個積極的心理學稱為福祉科學的課堂 - 在費爾法克斯的喬治梅森大學的一個如何從根本上讓自己快樂起來的課程里。美國弗吉尼亞州喬治梅森大學對心理學家來說是一個挑戰，因為它是15個美國最不快樂的校園之一，至少普林斯頓這樣評論。許多學生是已婚并已工作和通勤上學。這是一個讓你的事業前進的地方，而不是來找自己的。 該課程是由Todd卡什丹教授，一個32歲的心理學教授，其研究領域是“好奇心和福祉?！笨ㄊ驳ぜ舳淘诜块g里或坐，雙腿懸在他的下一個大ppt幻燈片的辦公桌， 上面寫著“幸福的科學追求”作為他的學生，有幾個年紀比他，通過各種積木積極心理學：樂觀，感恩，關懷，希望，靈性。雖然教學大綱承諾“像科學家一樣處理這個課堂上的每一個話題”，指定的閱讀資料是學術性的,課堂討論是Oprah-ish。學生們似乎對卡什丹講主要有關他們自己的生活的研究很感興趣。
那天卡什丹課堂的重點關注于感覺好壞的區別。它根據積極心理學家只創建一個為了更多快樂的饑餓 - 他們稱此綜合征為享樂枯燥的工作 -做好事可以延長幸福。學生們首先被要求做了一些令他們高興，然后執行一個善良的無私行為。他們走近了任務的第一部分焦急地問。一名學生回憶說，他們的性與她的男友，而30英尺的水下潛水。另一位說他“去了沿海單位和敲定?！钡谌粎⒓恿嗽诒笨_萊納州的納斯卡比賽，抽煙，喝酒。有些人還觀看喜愛的電視節目，其他與朋友聊天。
當談到該討論任務的第二部分的時候，學生們也很興奮。 全國汽車比賽協會的一位怕打針的出席者，流血了。另一個從家庭成員那收集的衣服，并把它們捐贈給一個為受虐婦女收容所。這個男孩已經得到敲定要買一個7-11一個無家可歸的人12個“納蒂冰”包，不知道這是不是應該做的事情。第四個給了她在丹尼的服務員50元小費。有時，卡什丹在他的課上講70年代說唱會領袖非主觀地類 - 他用“酷”這個詞很多 - 會贊揚他們的行為并扯出一些道德。在這種情況下，作為一名學生，她在提交給卡什丹的摘要中寫道，比較“一天在真正昂貴的法國”的東西所涉及的水療和“改善社區的一天馬蓋”肥料，社區的組織者臉上的笑容就擊敗了按摩師的臉上的笑容任何一天。”也就是說，她得知做好事對你自己有好處。

通過D.T.馬克斯
1月7日發表:
去年秋天,我坐在一個星期二在課堂上稱為科學的positive-psychology本質安寧的課程如何使自己更快樂——喬治•梅森大學中,費爾法克斯喬治·梅森是一種挑戰,因為它是一個積極心理學家的15個國家校園,在美國至少每普林斯頓教育咨詢。許多學生都結婚了,已經在工作和通勤到學校。這是一個地方,你去移動你的職業,而不是去找到自己的位置。
本課程所教導Kashdan陶德,一名32歲的心理學教授的研究領域是“好奇心和幸?！?。Kashdan波動,或坐,晃著腿,在他的書桌下面有很大的PowerPoint幻燈片說:“科學追求幸福的權利”作為他的學生,一些年紀比他,通過各種各樣的積木的積極心理學:樂觀、感恩、專注、希望、靈性。雖然教學大綱中承諾”的方法在這個班里每個話題作為科學家”和指定的閱讀資料是學術,是Oprah-ish課堂討論。學生們似乎比較感興趣的研究Kashdan之間的關系,提出了大部分他們自己的生活。
Kashdan的焦點是班那天是區分感覺良好,進而根據積極心理學家只會制造一個渴望更多的樂趣——他們稱之為綜合征的享樂跑步機,做善事,從而導致持續的快樂。學生們被要求去做某件事,先給他們快樂,然后去執行一項行動的無私的仁慈。他們走近第一部份的任務。一個學生的敘述與男友做愛時30英尺的潛水。另一個人說他“去海濱公寓,弄得滿地都是?！钡谌齻€參加全國比賽在北卡羅萊納,抽煙喝酒。也有人看著最喜歡的電視節目;他人與朋友們聊天。
當到了談論作業的第二部分,學生們都很興奮。全美出席者,她害怕針,給了血。另一個收集衣服從家人和捐贈給避難所為受虐婦女。這個小男孩已經買了一個無家可歸的人用一件整潔利落的“冰”12-pack在24小時便利店,知道它是正確的事。第四給她服務生丹尼的50美元的小費。有時,Kashdan,誰跑的階級在nonjudgmental六七十年代的方式rap-session領袖——他使用這個詞很“酷”,將贊揚他們對他們的行為并拉出一個道德。在這種情況下,如果一個學生寫總結她提交Kashdan相比,“每天在昂貴的水療覆蓋法國“東西”和“一天的社區改善蓋在馬”,在社區組織的微笑的臉“擊敗微笑的臉上按摩師的任何一天?！澳鞘?她已經知道行善,對你有好處。

發布時間：2007年1月7日
去年秋天的一個星期二，我坐在一個積極的，心理學稱為福祉科學類 - 如何讓自己快樂起來基本上在一個類在費爾法克斯的喬治梅森大學，美國弗吉尼亞州喬治梅森 - 是一個挑戰，因為它正心理學家是不快樂的15個在美國的校園之一，至少每普林斯頓評論。許多學生是已婚并已工作和通勤上學。這是一個地方，你去你的事業向前移動，而不是找自己。
該班是由Todd卡什丹教授，32歲的心理學教授，其研究領域是“好奇心和福祉。”卡什丹剪短在房間里或坐，雙腿懸在他的下一個大PowerPoint幻燈片的辦公桌說， “幸福的科學追求”作為他的學生，有幾個年紀比他，通過各種積木積極心理學：樂觀，感恩，關懷，希望，靈性。雖然教學大綱承諾“的做法，這為科學家類的每一個話題”，并指定讀數是學術性的，課堂討論奧普拉十歲上下。學生們似乎很感興趣的研究卡什丹主要介紹有關他們自己的生活。
對卡什丹的階級焦點，一天之間的感覺很好，而據心理學家只創建一個積極為更多的快樂饑餓 - 他們稱此綜合征的享樂跑步機 - 和做的，可導致持久的幸福區別。學生們首先被要求做了一些令他們高興，然后執行一個善良的無私行為。他們走近了任務的第一部分焦急地問。一名學生回憶說，他們的性與她的男友，而30英尺的水下潛水。另一位說他“去了沿海單位和敲定?！钡谌粎⒓恿嗽诒笨_萊納州的納斯卡比賽，抽煙，喝酒。有些人還觀看喜愛的電視節目，其他與朋友聊天。
當是時候談談轉讓的第二部分，學生們興奮，太。 NASCAR的出席者，誰是怕針，給了血。從收集到的另一個家庭成員的衣服，并把它們捐贈給一個為受虐婦女收容所。這個男孩已經得到敲定誰買了一個7-11一個無家可歸的人12的“納蒂冰”包，不知道這是應該做的事情。第四個給了她在丹尼的50元小費服務員。有時，卡什丹，誰跑在了70年代說唱會領袖非主觀地類 - 他用這個詞“酷”了很多 - 他們的行為會贊揚他們拉出一個道德。在這種情況下，作為一名學生在一總結說，她提交給卡什丹，比較“一天在真正昂貴的法國”的東西所涉及的水療和“改善社區的一天馬蓋”肥料，對社會的組織者臉上的笑容“就擊敗了按摩師的臉上的笑容任何一天?！币簿褪钦f，她得知做好事對你有好處。

背景知識是影響文章理解的一個重要因素。關于聽力理解的主流觀點認為文章背景和回受者先驗知識可能答對聽力材料的理解產生影響。文化背景知識，歷史、風俗的因素都可能對聽力理解產生重要影響。

語言是文化的一種表達。學生們非常有必要去了解一些英語語言國家的背景，如歷史、文化、風俗習慣、甚至生活方式。 （我們語言中的非母語語言文化與本族語聯系及關聯使用的差異體現了）當前理解的最大障礙。很多學生在這方面知識的缺乏造成了他們的理解困難。

舉個例子，這里有兩個同等難度的實例。其中一個是詳細介紹一下中國的春節;另一個則是關于西方國家的感恩節。前者是很容易辦到的，但后者相對更難，為什么呢？這充分說明學生對后者的東西知之甚少。

（注：我對擴號中的語句翻譯的很不成功，不過現在有急事，回來有空再好好推敲推敲啊！不好意思了！）

背景來知識是一個重要的因素是源影響理解。目前的意見對聽力理解的同意，在這種背景下，或先驗知識能影響聽力理解的。文化背景知識，歷史和習俗，是重要的，這可能影響聽力理解的。

"語言是一種文化的表達。這是非常必要的，讓學生知道一些背景對英語國家，如歷史，文化，風俗和習慣，甚至生活方式" [ 6 ] "彌補我們知識的第二語言，文化，在該協會和參考資料供本土用戶，可目前的障礙，以理解" [ 7 ]很多學生都缺乏這種知識，使他們覺得聽力是非常困難的。

舉例來說，有兩個材料，同樣的困難。其中一個解釋一下中國的春節;另一個是關于感恩節的西方國家。前者是很容易理解的，但后者比前者更困難的，為什么呢？這清楚顯示，學生知之不多了后者。

2.1.3動機影響聽力

同樣重要的，以上述因素，是聽眾的目的，在聽。如果理由聽清楚，理解成為一個比較容易的任務。舉例來說， "為了退房，如果喜愛的電臺節目，是對，因為在安德森和林奇的例子，所有復雜的語言輸入，將不被視為理解" ， [ 8 ] ，使一個人的動機也起著重要的作用，在聽力理解的。

214 心理因素態和注意力無法集中。在常規的聽力訓練里，一些學生無法集中注意力。相反的，他們心不在焉，雖然是帶著耳機。這種聽力狀態，雖然只持續一兩秒，也會破環整個聽力過程，甚至會影響聽力理解。一些學生很容易分心，要么是在長時間的聽力后感覺疲勞。心理緊張經常發生在考試中。一些學生太想拿到好成績，卻不能調整自己跟上聽力廣播的速度。于是變得很緊張，腦袋里一片空白。

樓主crprys：你不要 自以為是！你是個什么東西！就知道罵人！還罵中國人！你有良心么！你個狗雜碎的!SB！

正文：
Background knowledge is an important factor that influences comprehension.背景知識是一個重要的因素是影響理解。 Current views on listening comprehension agree that background or prior knowledge can affect listening comprehension.目前的意見對聽力理解的同意，在這種背景下，或先驗知識能影響聽力理解的。 Cultural background knowledge, history and customs are important ones that can affect listening comprehension.文化背景知識，歷史和習俗，是重要的，這可能影響聽力理解的。

“Language is a kind of cultural expression. "語言是一種文化的表達。 It is very necessary for students to know some background about English countries, such as the history, culture, customs and habits, even life styles.” [6] “Gaps in our knowledge of second language culture, of the associations and references available to native users, can present obstacles to comprehension.” [7] Many students are lack of these kinds of knowledge, so they think listening is very difficult.這是非常必要的，讓學生知道一些背景對英語國家，如歷史，文化，風俗和習慣，甚至生活方式" [ 6 ] "彌補我們知識的第二語言，文化，在該協會和參考資料供本土用戶，可目前的障礙，以理解" [ 7 ]很多學生都缺乏這種知識，使他們覺得聽力是非常困難的。

For example, there are two materials of the same difficulty.舉例來說，有兩個材料，同樣的困難。 One explains something about China’s Spring Festival; the other is about Thanks Giving Day of the west countries.其中一個解釋一下中國的春節;另一個是關于感恩節的西方國家。 The former is easy to understand but the latter is more difficult, why?前者是很容易理解的，但后者比前者更困難的，為什么呢？ It is clear that the students know little about the latter.這清楚顯示，學生知之不多了后者。

2.1.3 Motivation affecting listening 2.1.3動機影響聽力

Of equal importance to the above factors is the listener’s purpose in listening.同樣重要的，以上述因素，是聽眾的目的，在聽。 If the reason for listening is clear, comprehension becomes an easier task.如果理由聽清楚，理解成為一個比較容易的任務。 For instance, “In order to check if the favorite radio program is on, as in Anderson and Lynch’s example, all the complex language input will not be taken to be comprehended.” [8] So one’s Motivation also plays an important role in listening comprehension.舉例來說， "為了退房，如果喜愛的電臺節目，是對，因為在安德森和林奇的例子，所有復雜的語言輸入，將不被視為理解" ， [ 8 ] ，使一個人的動機也起著重要的作用，在聽力理解的。
問題補充： 2.1.4 Psychological factors 問題補充： 2.1.4心理因素

Psychological barriers mainly reflect in two aspects: the state of being too nervous or the state of being unable to focus one’s attention during listening. 心理障礙，主要反映在兩個方面：狀態過于緊張或狀態，無法集中自己的注意力，在聽。 In regular listening practice, some students can’t concentrate on the listening content. 在經常性聽力訓練中，有些學生無法專心聽講內容。 Instead, they are absent-minded, wandering away, though they still wear their earphones. 相反，他們都是心不在焉，游蕩距離，但他們仍佩戴耳塞。 Such a state of listening, even lasting for only a few seconds, will result in broken listening, which, of course, will affect comprehension result. 這種狀況不聽，甚至是持久的，只有短短幾秒鐘，將導致破碎聽，其中，當然會影響理解的結果。 Some students are easy to be distracted because of being fatigued after listening for a long period. 有些學生很容易分心，因為被疲倦聽完相當長的時期。 Anxiety often occurs in examination. 焦慮往往發生在考試。 Some students are too eager to get high marks but they are also afraid that they can’t adjust themselves to the listening material and the delivery rate. 有些學生太渴望得到高分，但他們也擔心，他們不能調整自己去適應聽力材料，并交付率。 So they become too nervous and blank-minded. 因此，他們變得過于緊張和空白的頭腦。
再次告誡那些用軟件翻譯的，尤其是一樓那個ryjily，你自己讀一下你的答案，中國人除了像你這種智障，恐怕找不到第二個這樣翻譯的了??！ 再次告誡那些用軟件翻譯的，尤其是一樓那個ryjily ，你自己讀一下你的答案，中國人除了像你這種智障，恐怕找不到第二個這樣翻譯的了！

背景知識是一個重要的因素是影響理解。目前的意見對聽力理解的同意，在這種背景下，或先驗知識能影響聽力理解的。文化背景知識，歷史和習俗，是重要的，這可能影響聽力理解的。"語言是一種文化的表達。這是非常必要的，讓學生知道一些背景對英語國家，如歷史，文化，風俗和習慣，甚至生活方式" [ 6 ] "彌補我們知識的第二語言，文化，在該協會和參考資料供本土用戶，可目前的障礙，以理解" [ 7 ]很多學生都缺乏這種知識，使他們覺得聽力是非常困難的。舉例來說，有兩個材料，同樣的困難。其中一個解釋一下中國的春節;另一個是關于感恩節的西方國家。前者是很容易理解的，但后者比前者更困難的，為什么呢？這清楚顯示，學生知之不多了后者。2.1.3動機影響聽力同等重要的，以上述因素，是聽眾的目的，在聽。如果理由聽清楚，理解成為一個比較容易的任務。舉例來說， "為了退房，如果喜愛的電臺節目，是對，因為在安德森和林奇的例子，所有復雜的語言輸入，將不被視為理解" ， [ 8 ] ，使一個人的動機也起著重要的作用，在聽力理解的。心理障礙，主要反映在兩個方面：狀態過于緊張或狀態，無法集中自己的注意力，在聽。在經常性聽力訓練中，有些學生無法專心聽講內容。相反，他們都是心不在焉，流浪遠離，盡管他們仍然佩戴耳塞。這種狀況不聽，甚至是持久的，只有短短幾秒鐘，將導致破碎聽，其中，當然會影響理解的結果。有些學生很容易分心，因為被疲倦聽完相當長的時期。焦慮往往發生在考試有些學生太渴望得到高分，但他們也擔心，他們不能調整自己去適應聽力材料，并交付率。因此，他們變得過于緊張和空白的頭腦。連貫性和準確性，聽力無法保證在這類國家。

摘要
隨著我國社會經濟的持續高速發展和投資體制改革的不斷深化，環境影響評價已經成為建設項目在開工建設前必經的一個審批關，是為了防止新建項目產生污染和生態環境破壞的主要措施，是我國實施可持續發展戰略、實行以預防為主環保政策的重要體現。
Abstract:
In light of the sustained high-speed development of the social economy and the continuously intensified reform of the investment system in China, environmental impact assessment has become a compulsory approval procedure before the start of construction projects. This is a major measure for the prevention of pollutions and damages to ecological environment caused by new projects, and a sustainable development strategy implemented by China, as well as an important manifestation of E.P. policy with preventive measures as top priority.

為此本設計將對白云區龍博置地廣場進行環境影響評價, 主要進行調查和分析項目環境污染和生態破壞現狀, 根據建設項目污染物排放狀況，結合場地周圍環境特點，確定評價范圍。對地下水、空氣和聲環境進行現狀評價; 通過對建設項目的建設過程所造成的各種污染及生態破壞的預測, 確定了評價項目對環境影響的范圍和程度; 分析論證項目現有污染防治措施的可行性和合理性, 提出有效的生態環境破壞減緩、恢復與補償措施, 從環境保護及生態恢復角度論證項目建設的可行性, 為相關工作提供科學依據。
The design of this thesis is to conduct an environmental impact assessment on the Mall constructed by Longbo Realty Ltd. in Gui Yang City’s Baiyun District, mainly to investigate and analyze the environmental pollution and the present state of damages to the eco-environments caused by this project. Firstly, the assessment range is determined by considering the project’s pollutant emission status and the features surrounding the site, followed by evaluation on the present state of ground water, air and acoustic environments. Then assessment on the scope and extent of the impact to environments caused by the project will be determined by anticipating the various pollutions and damages to eco-environments which will be caused by the project during its construction process; and effective measures to slow down, restore and compensate the damages to the eco-environments are proposed after analytic demonstration has been conducted on the feasibility and rationality of the pollution-preventive measures adopted by the project. Finally, the feasibility of this construction project is expounded and verified from the perspective of E.P. and eco-recovery, so as to provide scientific basis to the relevant operations.

關鍵詞：環境污染，可持續發展，可行性
Key words: environmental pollution; sustainable development; feasibility

【英語牛人團】

Abstract

Along with the rapid development of social economy and the continuous deepening of Investment system of our country, the EIA (Environmental Impact Assessment) has been one of the examining and approving steps of construction project before it starts up. It is one of the important actions to prevent the pollution and damage of environment going to be caused by the new project, and it is also an important reflection of implementing the stratey of sustainable development and proctising the 'prevention first' policy.

Therefore this design will carry out the EIA for Longbo Zhidi Square in Baiyun District. It mainly investigated and analized the current situation of environment pollution and ecocide damage. It determined the assessment domain according to the pollutant discharge status of construction project combining with the surrounding environmental quality. It investigated the current situation of ground water, air and acoustic environment. It confirmed the range and degree of the impact of the investigated project to environment by predicting the pullants and ecocide damage discharged from the construction process. It analized and demonstrated the feasibility and reasonableness of existing pollution prevention actions and proposed the actions for retarding,restoring and compensating the ecocide damage. It demonstrated the feasibility of the project construction as viewed from environment protection and ecological restoration, and provides the scientific proof for related works.

Key words: Environment pollution, Sustainable development, Feasibility.

注：1，龍博置地廣場，建議音譯，Landmark 為香港置地廣場名稱。

Abstract：
With China's sustained and rapid economic development and deepening investment system reform, environmental impact assessment of construction projects has become indispensable in the construction of a prior examination and approval,which is the main measures to prevent pollution and ecological destruction of China's strategy of sustainable development, the implementation of prevention-oriented environmental policy an important manifestation.
The design will end Bo Long, Baiyun District, Landmark, environmental impact assessment, investigation and analysis of major environmental pollution and ecological destruction project status, pollutant emissions under the construction project, with site characteristics of the surrounding environment to determine the scope of the evaluation. On groundwater, air and acoustic environment status quo assessment; through the construction process of the construction project caused by the pollution and ecological damage forecasts, the evaluation project to determine the scope and extent of environmental impact; analysis of existing pollution prevention demonstration projects The feasibility and rationality, to propose effective mitigation of ecological damage to the environment, restoration and compensation measures, from the perspective of environmental protection and ecological restoration project demonstrated the feasibility of providing a scientific basis for the relevant work.
Key words: environmental pollution, sustainable development, feasibility
你應該是要寫論文吧~~我也在寫論文，先用機器翻譯的，又跟據語法改了些，希望對你有幫助，

Along with our country social economy continued to develop rapidly and the deepening of the reform of the investment system, environmental impact assessment has become in the construction of construction project examination and approval before a necessary guan, is to prevent new projects produce pollution and ecological environmental damage, is the main measures for implementing sustainable development strategy in China, implementing prevention the important embodiment of environmental policies.
Therefore this design will LongBo real estate plaza baiyun district of environmental impact assessment, major surveys and analyzing project environmental pollution and ecological destruction present situation, according to construction projects, combining site pollutant discharge situation surrounding environment evaluation scope, characteristic. The groundwater, air harmonic environment assessment; Through the construction of project construction process is causing all kinds of pollution and ecological destruction forecast, determined the environmental impact of the evaluation items extent; To analysis the existing pollution prevention measures project feasibility and rationality of the ecological environment, and puts forward effective destruction slow, and restoration and compensating measures of environmental protection and ecological recovery from demonstrated the feasibility of the project construction Angle, provided the scientific basis for related work.
Keywords: environmental pollution, sustainable development, feasibility
選我啊

Abstract
With China's sustained and rapid economic development and deepening investment system reform, environmental impact assessment of construction projects has become indispensable in the construction of a prior examination and approval, is generating new projects in order to prevent pollution and ecological destruction of the main measures China's strategy of sustainable development, the implementation of prevention-oriented environmental policy an important manifestation.
The design will end Bo Long, Baiyun District, Landmark, environmental impact assessment, investigation and analysis of major environmental pollution and ecological destruction project status, pollutant emissions under the construction project, with site characteristics of the surrounding environment to determine the scope of the evaluation. On groundwater, air and acoustic environment status quo assessment; through the construction process of the construction project caused by the pollution and ecological damage forecasts, the evaluation project to determine the scope and extent of environmental impact; analysis of existing pollution prevention demonstration projects the feasibility and rationality, to propose effective mitigation of ecological damage to the environment, restoration and compensation measures, from the perspective of environmental protection and ecological restoration project demonstrated the feasibility of providing a scientific basis for the relevant work.

Along with our country social economy continued to develop rapidly and the deepening of the reform of the investment system, environmental impact assessment has become in the construction of construction project examination and approval before a necessary guan, is to prevent new projects produce pollution and ecological environmental damage, is the main measures for implementing sustainable development strategy in China, implementing prevention the important embodiment of environmental policies.
Therefore this design will LongBo real estate plaza baiyun district of environmental impact assessment, major surveys and analyzing project environmental pollution and ecological destruction present situation, according to construction projects, combining site pollutant discharge situation surrounding environment evaluation scope, characteristic.The groundwater, air harmonic environment assessment; Through the construction of project construction process is causing all kinds of pollution and ecological destruction forecast, determined the environmental impact of the evaluation items extent; To analysis the existing pollution prevention measures project feasibility and rationality of the ecological environment, and puts forward effective destruction slow, and restoration and compensating measures of environmental protection and ecological recovery from demonstrated the feasibility of the project construction Angle, provided the scientific basis for related work.
Keywords: environmental pollution, sustainable development, feasibility
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