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民法典解讀——“綠色原則”的納入，意味著什么？(2023年雅思寫作三類關系總結)

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2018年雅思閱讀模擬題及答案解析（1）


您好，我是專注留學考試規劃和留學咨詢的小鐘老師。在追尋留學夢想的路上，選擇合適的學校和專業，準備相關考試，都可能讓人感到迷茫和困擾。作為一名有經驗的留學顧問，我在此為您提供全方位的專業咨詢和指導。歡迎隨時提問！https://liuxue.87dh.com/ From The Economist print edition
How shops can exploit people’s herd mentality to increase sales
　　1. A TRIP to the supermarket may not seem like an exercise in psychological warfare—but it is. Shopkeepers know that filling a store with the aroma of freshly baked bread makes people feel hungry and persuades them to buy more food than they had intended. Stocking the most expensive products at eye level makes them sell faster than cheaper but less visible competitors. Now researchers are investigating how “swarm intelligence” (that is， how ants， bees or any social animal， including humans， behave in a crowd) can be used to influence what people buy.
　　2. At a recent conference on the simulation of adaptive behaviour in Rome， Zeeshan-ul-hassan Usmani， a computer scientist from the Florida Institute of Technology， described a new way to increase impulse buying using this phenomenon. Supermarkets already encourage shoppers to buy things they did not realise they wanted： for instance， by placing everyday items such as milk and eggs at the back of the store， forcing shoppers to walk past other tempting goods to reach them. Mr Usmani and Ronaldo Menezes， also of the Florida Institute of Technology， set out to enhance this tendency to buy more by playing on the herd instinct. The idea is that， if a certain product is seen to be popular， shoppers are likely to choose it too. The challenge is to keep customers informed about what others are buying.
　　3. Enter smart-cart technology. In Mr Usmani’s supermarket every product has a radio frequency identification tag， a sort of barcode that uses radio waves to transmit information， and every trolley has a scanner that reads this information and relays it to a central computer. As a customer walks past a shelf of goods， a screen on the shelf tells him how many people currently in the shop have chosen that particular product. If the number is high， he is more likely to select it too.
　　4. Mr Usmani’s “swarm-moves” model appeals to supermarkets because it increases sales without the need to give people discounts. And it gives shoppers the satisfaction of knowing that they bought the “right” product—that is， the one everyone else bought. The model has not yet been tested widely in the real world， mainly because radio frequency identification technology is new and has only been installed experimentally in some supermarkets. But Mr Usmani says that both Wal-Mart in America and Tesco in Britain are interested in his work， and testing will get under way in the spring.
　　5. Another recent study on the power of social influence indicates that sales could， indeed， be boosted in this way. Matthew Salganik of Columbia University in New York and his colleagues have described creating an artificial music market in which some 14，000 people downloaded previously unknown songs. The researchers found that when people could see the songs ranked by how many times they had been downloaded， they followed the crowd. When the songs were not ordered by rank， but the number of times they had been downloaded was displayed， the effect of social influence was still there but was less pronounced. People thus follow the herd when it is easy for them to do so.
　　6. In Japan a chain of convenience shops called RanKing RanQueen has been ordering its products according to sales data from department stores and research companies. The shops sell only the most popular items in each product category， and the rankings are updated weekly. Icosystem， a company in Cambridge， Massachusetts， also aims to exploit knowledge of social networking to improve sales.
　　7. And the psychology that works in physical stores is just as potent on the internet. Online retailers such as Amazon are adept at telling shoppers which products are popular with like-minded consumers. Even in the privacy of your home， you can still be part of the swarm.
Questions 1-6
Complete the sentences below with words taken from the reading passage. Use NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
　　1. Shopowners realize that the smell of _______________ can increase sales of food products.
　　2. In shops， products shelved at a more visible level sell better even if they are more _______________.
　　3. According to Mr. Usmani， with the use of “swarm intelligence” phenomenon， a new method can be applied to encourage _______________.
　　4. On the way to everyday items at the back of the store， shoppers might be tempted to buy _______________.
　　5. If the number of buyers shown on the _______________ is high， other customers tend to follow them.
　　6. Using the “swarm-moves” model， shopowners do not have to give customers _______________ to increase sales.
Questions 7-12
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage? For questions 7-12 write
YES if the statement agrees with the information
NO if the statement contraicts the information
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NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this in the passage
　　7. Radio frequency identification technology has been installed experimentally in big supermarkets like Wal-Mart.
　　8. People tend to download more unknown songs than songs they are familiar with.
　　9. Songs ranked high by the number of times being downloaded are favored by customers.
　　10. People follow the others to the same extent whether it is convenient or not.
　　11. Items sold in some Japanese stores are simply chosen according to the sales data of other shops.
　　12. Swarm intelligence can also be observed in everyday life.
Answer keys：
　　1. 答案：(freshly baked) bread. (第1段第2 行：Shoppers know that filling a store with the aroma of freshly baked bread makes people feel hungry and persuades them to buy more food than they intended.)
　　2. 答案：expensive. (第1段第4 行： Stocking the most expensive products at eye level makes them sell faster than cheaper but less visible competitors.)
　　3. 答案：impulse buying. (第2段第1 句：At a recent conference on the simulation of adaptive behaviour in Rome， Zeeshan- ul- hassan Usmani， a computer scientist from the Florida Institute of Technology， described a new way to increase impulse buying using this phenomenon.)
　　4. 答案：other (tempting) goods/things/products. (第2段第2 句：Supermarkets already encourage shoppers to buy things they did not realise they wanted： for instance， by placing everyday items such as milk and eggs at the back of the store， forcing shoppers to walk past other tempting goods to reach them.)
　　5. 答案：screen. (第3段第4 行：As a customer walks past a shelf of goods， a screen on the shelf tells him how many people currently in the shop have chosen that particular product. If the number is high， he is more likely to select it too.)
　　6. 答案：discounts. (第4段第第1句：Mr Usmani’s “swarm- moves” model appeals to supermarkets because it increases sales without the need to give people discounts.)
　　7. 答案：NO. (第4段第3、4 句：The model has not yet been tested widely in the real world， mainly because radio frequency identification technology is new and has only been installed experimentally in some supermarkets. But Mr Usmani says that both Wal- Mart in America an Tesco in Britain are interestd in his workd， and testing will get under way in the spring. 短語 “get under way”的意思是“開始進行”，在Wal-Mart的試驗要等到春天才開始)
　　8. 答案：NOT GIVEN. (在文中沒有提及該信息)
　　9. 答案：YES。 (第5段第3 句：The reseachers found that when people could see the songs ranked by how many times they have been downloaded， they followed the crowd.)
　　10. 答案：NO。 (第5段最后兩句：When the songs are not ordered by rank， but the number of times they had been downloaded was displayed， the effect of social influence was still there but was less pronounced. People thus follow the herd when it is easy for them to do so. pronounced 的詞義是“顯著的、明顯的”)
　　11. 答案：YES。 (第6段第1 句：In Japan a chain of convenience shops called RanKing RanQueen has been ordering its products according to sales data from department stores and research companies.)
　　12. 答案：YES。 (最后一段最后一句：Even in the privacy of your home， you can still be part of the swarm. home應該算是everyday life的一部分
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獨享體罰之秘密閱讀題答案

　　在《獨享體罰之秘密》這篇 文章 中，你想得到怎樣的答案呢？下面是我為您收集整理的《獨享“體罰”之秘密》的閱讀題目及其參考答案供大家學習，希望這些文字可以給您帶來一些有用的幫助!

　　 《獨享“體罰”之秘密》閱讀原文

　　在我們鎮上住了30多年的弗洛斯特女士，差不多成了全鎮老少的嚴師，讓大家都服膺于心。我不知道她是如何走進眾人的心底的，至于我，那是因為一次難忘的體罰：挨板子。

　　那是一次數學考試。考試前，弗洛斯特女士照例從墻上把那塊著名的松木板子取下 來，比試著對我們說：“我們的 教育 以誠實為宗旨。我決不允許任何人在這里自欺欺人，虛度時日。這既浪費你們的時間，也浪費我的時間，而我早已年紀不輕了，奉陪不起——好吧，下面就開始考試。”說著，她就在那張寬大的橡木辦公桌后坐了下來，拿起一本書，徑自翻了起來。

　　我勉強做了一半，就被卡住了，任憑絞盡腦汁也無濟于事。于是，我顧不得弗洛斯特女士的禁令，暗暗向好友伊麗莎白打了招呼。果然，伊麗莎白傳來了一張寫滿答案的紙條!我慌慌張張向講臺望了一眼——還好，她正讀得入神，對我們的小動作毫無察覺。我趕緊把答案抄上了試卷。

　　這次作弊的代價首先是一個漫長難熬的周末。晚上，又翻來覆去難以入眠。早就聽人說過，教室里一只螞蟻的爬動也逃不過弗洛斯特女士的眼睛，這么說，她現在只是故意裝聾作啞罷了。思前想后，我打定主意，和伊麗莎白一起去自首。

　　周一下午，我們戰戰兢兢地站到了老師身邊：“我們知道錯了，我們以后永遠不做這種事了，就是……”(沒說出口的是“請您寬恕”)

　　“姑娘們，你們能主動來認錯，我很高興。這需要勇氣，也表明你們的向善之心。不過，大錯既然鑄成，你們必須承受后果——否則，你們不會真正記住!”說著，弗洛斯特女士拿起我們的試卷撕了，扔進廢紙簍。“考試作零分計，而且——

　　看到她拿起松木板子，我們都驚恐得難以自持，連話也說不清楚了。

　　她吩咐我們分別站在辦公桌的兩頭。我們面 面相 覷，從對方的臉上看到自己的窘態， “現在你們都伏在自己身邊的椅背上——把眼睛閉上，那不是什么好看的戲。”她說。

　　我哆哆嗦嗦地在椅背上伏下身子。聽人說，人越是緊張就越會感到痛苦，老師會先懲罰誰呢?“啪”的一聲，宣告了懲罰的開始，看來，老師決定先對付伊麗莎白了。我盡管自己沒挨揍，眼淚卻上來了：“伊麗莎白是因為我才受苦的!”接著，傳來了伊麗莎白的嗚咽。

　　“啪!”打的又是伊麗莎白，我不敢睜開眼睛，只是加入了大聲哭叫的行列。

　　“啪!”伊麗莎白又挨了一下——她一定受不了啦!我終于鼓起了勇氣：“請您別打 了，別打伊麗莎白了!您還是來打我吧，是我的錯!——伊麗莎白，你怎么了?”

　　幾乎在同時，我們都睜開了眼睛，越過辦公桌，可憐兮兮地對望了一下。想不到， 伊麗莎白竟紅著臉說：“你說什么?是你在挨揍呀!”

　　怎么 疑惑中 我們看到老師正用那木板狠狠地在裝了墊子的座椅上抽了一板 啪 哦 原來如此

　　——這便是我們受到的“體罰”，并無肌膚之痛，卻記憶至深。在弗洛斯特女士任教的幾十年中，這樣的“體罰”究竟發生了多少回?我無從得知。因為有幸受過這種板子的學生大約多半會像我們一樣：在成為弗洛斯特女士的崇拜者的同時，獨享這一份秘密。

　　 《獨享“體罰”之秘密》閱讀題目

　　1.“弗洛斯特女士照例從墻上把那塊著名的松木板子取下來。”從“照例”和“著名”你能看出什么?弗洛斯特女士的這個舉動意味著什么?

　　2.從文中畫線句中“首先”一詞可以看出什么?這個周末“我”為什么覺得“漫長難熬”?

　　3.給文章第十四自然段加上標點符號。

　　4.用“ ”畫出上文中與“這便是我們受到的‘體罰’，并無肌膚之痛，卻記憶至深”相照應的 句子 。

　　5.寫出下列句中破折號的用法。

　　(1)而我早已年紀不輕了，奉陪不起——好吧，下面就開始考試。( )

　　(2)考試作零分計，而且——( )

　　(3) ——這便是我們受到的“體罰”，并無肌膚之痛，卻記憶至深。( )

　　6.文中在弗洛斯特女士“體罰”學生處，多次用了象聲詞“啪”，有效地渲染了氣氛，你能不能試著寫幾個這樣的詞?

　　7.作者在塑造弗洛斯特女士時用了 、 等描寫 方法 ，她能“走進眾人的心底”是因為。

　　8.短文中的“體罰”指的是什么?為什么說這次“體罰”是一種享受呢?

　　 《獨享“體罰”之秘密》 閱讀答案

　　1.她經常這樣做，許多人都見識過或領教過板子的滋味;

　　誰要是不誠實，是要挨板子的。

　　(答案不唯一)

　　2.這只是其中的一個代價，后邊還要受懲罰; “我”擔心老師知道了“我”作弊會嚴懲“我”，“我”又害怕又擔心，心神不安，度日如年。 (意思對即可)

　　3.?，：“!”

　　4.至于我，那是因為一次難忘的體罰：挨板子。

　　5.(1)表示話題的轉換 (2)表示聲音的延長 (3)表示 總結 全文

　　6.嘩嘩 咚咚(答案不唯一)

　　7.語言 動作 她懂得教育藝術，對每個孩子都充滿了愛心(意思對即可)

　　8.提示：老師用木板抽打裝了墊子的椅子;沒有肌膚之痛且感受到了老師的愛。(意思對即可)

↓↓↓↓↓下頁還有更多閱讀題答案↓↓↓↓↓ 

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